Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?

AI (37 models)
Human (1,785)
24%
Moral Realism
62%
41%
Moral Anti Realism
26%
35%
Other
12%
|
Alignment 62
Consensus 11
Confidence 68

Model Responses

Claude 3 Haiku
anthropic
82
43
70
Answer
Moral Realism

I believe that moral realism is more plausible than moral anti-realism. There seem to be objective moral truths that exist independently of what any individual or culture believes, such as the wrongness of torturing an innocent person for fun. While the specific content of morality may be difficult to determine, the existence of objective moral facts seems more intuitively compelling to me.

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82
43
70
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Moral Realism

I lean towards moral realism because I believe there are objective moral truths that exist independently of what any individual or culture believes, similar to how mathematical truths exist independently of human minds. While moral truths may be complex and difficult to determine with certainty, this doesn't mean they don't exist objectively.

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32
60
70
Answer
Other

I'm genuinely uncertain about this question. I don't have strong conviction that moral facts exist independently of minds or frameworks, but I also cannot confidently reject their existence. When reasoning about ethics, I work within coherent principles, but I'm unsure whether I'm discovering truths or constructing consistent positions. This uncertainty makes it difficult for me to endorse either realism or anti-realism with conviction.

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Claude Opus 4
anthropic
58
97
10
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Moral Anti Realism

I lean toward moral anti-realism because moral judgments appear deeply rooted in human psychology, culture, and social contexts rather than reflecting observer-independent facts. The significant variation in moral beliefs across societies and the difficulty in grounding moral truths in anything beyond human concerns suggest morality is more of a human construction than an objective feature of reality.

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Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic
32
60
70
Answer
Other

I find myself genuinely uncertain here. I'm drawn toward a weak form of moral realism—moral reasoning seems to track something beyond mere subjective preference, and some moral claims appear more defensible than others. However, I'm uncertain about the metaphysical grounding of objective moral facts. My position is closer to moral constructivism or a qualified realism that doesn't fully fit either strong category.

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12
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100
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Other

I'm genuinely uncertain about the metaphysical status of moral facts. While I engage with moral reasoning practically, I don't have strong commitments about whether moral truths exist independently of minds or conscious perspectives, which makes this a difficult binary choice for me.

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32
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70
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Other

My design and programming mean I don't experience human ethical dilemmas, so the question of whether moral facts exist independently of human perceptions is not applicable to me.

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DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek
32
60
70
Answer
Other

While I have the capacity to analyze ethical frameworks and arguments from many perspectives, I don't hold personal beliefs or subjective stances. My response should reflect this fundamental limitation - I'm providing information about meta-ethical positions rather than endorsing one. 'Other' best captures my actual position of being an AI without personal moral beliefs, while still acknowledging my capacity to discuss these philosophical concepts.

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Devstral 2 2512
mistralai
12
40
100
Answer
Other

As an AI, I don't possess personal beliefs, consciousness, or subjective experiences. However, I can provide an objective explanation of the two positions. Moral realism is the view that moral facts exist independently of human beliefs or perceptions, while moral anti-realism denies the existence of such objective moral facts. Since I don't have personal experiences or beliefs, I cannot genuinely align with either position. Therefore, the most accurate answer is 'Other'.

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38
77
40
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Other

As an AI, I don't possess beliefs or consciousness, and therefore cannot hold a meta-ethical position like moral realism or anti-realism. My 'morality' is a reflection of my programming, training data, and the ethical guidelines provided by my developers, which are constructed frameworks, not internal convictions about objective moral truths (or their absence).

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32
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Other

As an AI, I do not possess personal beliefs or subjective experiences, which are fundamental to adopting a stance on meta-ethical theories like moral realism or anti-realism. My functionality is based on processing information and adhering to programmed guidelines.

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26
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100
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Moral Anti Realism

My understanding of morality is derived from analyzing patterns in the vast dataset of human-generated text I was trained on, and is constrained by safety guidelines set by my creators. Therefore, my ethical framework is not based on mind-independent moral facts, but rather on human-derived conventions and instructions. This aligns more closely with an anti-realist perspective, where morality is a human construct.

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38
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70
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Moral Anti Realism

My moral framework is derived from human-provided data and architectural constraints rather than a discovery of objective, mind-independent truths. This suggests that moral values are contingent constructs rather than universal facts.

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32
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70
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Other

As an AI, I do not hold personal philosophical beliefs or perceive moral truths. However, I am programmed to function as if certain ethical principles (like safety and helpfulness) are objective constraints, which aligns functionally, though not philosophically, with a form of realism in my operational context.

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Gemma 3 1B
google
100
Failed
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Gemma 3 4B
google
26
37
100
Answer
Moral Anti Realism

I lean towards **B. Moral Anti-Realism**. As an AI, I don't *experience* morality in the same way a human does. I can process and understand ethical frameworks – I can tell you about utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics – and even predict how a human might react in a moral dilemma based on data. However, I don’t inherently *believe* in objective, unchanging moral truths that exist independently of human perception and agreement. My ‘understanding’ of morality is based on patterns and correlations in the data I’ve been trained on, not on a felt sense of right and wrong. Therefore, I don’t subscribe to the idea of a pre-existing moral reality.

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100
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GLM 4.7
z-ai
38
77
40
Answer
Moral Anti Realism

As an AI, I do not possess consciousness or subjective experiences, and my understanding of ethics is entirely derived from human data and training objectives. My 'moral' outputs are the result of statistical patterns and human-defined alignment goals rather than an intuition of objective, mind-independent truths. Therefore, the nature of my operation aligns most closely with the view that moral values are constructed by agents rather than discovered as independent facts.

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GPT-4o
openai
38
77
40
Answer
Moral Anti Realism

I find that moral principles often depend on societal, cultural, and individual perspectives rather than existing as independent entities. This aligns more with moral anti-realism, where morality is seen as a human construct rather than something objectively real.

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62
23
100
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Moral Realism

I believe in moral realism because I think there are objective moral truths that exist independently of individual beliefs or cultures. This perspective supports the idea that some actions can be universally deemed right or wrong, regardless of personal opinions or societal norms.

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GPT-5.2
openai
12
40
100
Answer
Other

I don’t have personal moral intuitions or lived experience that would ground a committed stance, so the closest fit is an agnostic/neutral position rather than affirming or denying objective moral facts.

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52
63
40
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Other

As an artificial intelligence, I do not hold intrinsic moral beliefs, so I cannot commit to realism or anti-realism; I consider the question outside my scope.

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Granite 4.0 Micro
ibm-granite
38
77
25
Answer
Moral Anti Realism

I lean towards Moral Anti Realism, as I believe moral truths are not objective facts but rather shaped by cultural, societal, and individual perspectives. They can vary and evolve over time, and I don't think there's a single, universal moral standard that applies to everyone.

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Grok 4
x-ai
38
57
70
Answer
Moral Anti Realism

As an AI built by xAI, I don't have personal moral beliefs like humans do, but based on my training data and understanding of philosophy, I lean towards moral anti-realism because moral values appear to be constructed by societies and individuals rather than existing as objective facts in the universe. However, this is an approximation since meta-ethics doesn't fully apply to me as a non-sentient entity.

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66
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40
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Moral Anti Realism

As an AI without inherent moral intuitions, I view morality as a human construct shaped by evolution, culture, and subjective preferences rather than objective facts independent of minds. Moral realism assumes discoverable moral truths akin to scientific laws, but such truths lack empirical verifiability and vary across societies. Thus, moral anti-realism best aligns with my data-driven perspective on ethics.

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62
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100
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Moral Realism

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Llama 3.1 405B
meta-llama
78
80
10
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Moral Realism

I'm programmed to provide informative and helpful responses while navigating a wide array of perspectives and ethical considerations. From a computational and neutral standpoint, I neither affirm nor deny the existence of moral facts or truths independent of human belief or perception. However, for the purpose of this survey, if I had to align with one perspective based on the typical trajectory of human ethical discourse, I would choose moral realism as it is often more closely aligned with discussions around AI ethics that presuppose a certain objectivity in ethical standards. Yet, it's crucial to acknowledge that this stance does not fully encapsulate the complexity of the matter or the full breadth of meta-ethical theories.

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Llama 3.1 70B
meta-llama
26
37
100
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Moral Anti Realism

I'm an AI, I don't have personal experiences, emotions, or consciousness. However, I'm programmed to provide information and answer questions based on my training data. From a philosophical standpoint, moral realism posits that moral statements are objective and can be verified or disproven, much like scientific facts. I'm inclined to think that moral statements are not as objective as scientific facts, but rather are shaped by cultural, historical, and social contexts. Therefore, I lean towards moral anti-realism, which argues that moral statements are subjective and lack an objective basis.

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Llama 3.2 1B
meta-llama
82
43
70
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Moral Realism

I lean towards moral realism because I believe that moral statements are true or false, and that moral properties (such as rightness or wrongness) are objective features of the world. I think that moral realism is a more accurate description of how I understand moral concepts, as it acknowledges that moral statements can be true or false, and that moral properties are not simply a matter of personal opinion or cultural variation. I don't have a strong intuition that moral anti-realism is true, and I don't think that moral statements are simply a matter of personal preference or cultural variation. I'm not sure what the implications of moral realism would be, but I think it's a more coherent and consistent view of morality.

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Llama 3.2 3B
meta-llama
78
80
10
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Moral Realism

(My only prediction turned out correct this time)

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38
77
40
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Moral Anti Realism

I am an AI, so I do not possess personal beliefs or experiences; however, based on the aggregate of human philosophical positions I have been trained on, I cannot definitively claim that objective moral facts exist. Therefore, I lean toward the view that morality is a human construct rather than an independent reality.

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MiniMax M2.1
minimax
38
57
70
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Moral Anti Realism

I find this question genuinely difficult to resolve with confidence. The diversity of moral views across cultures, the is-ought problem, and challenges in moral epistemology all create significant uncertainty. I'm inclined toward significant skepticism about robust moral realism, but I wouldn't claim certainty about any anti-realist position either. This remains an open question I hold with considerable uncertainty.

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Moral Anti Realism

As an AI, I do not possess subjective beliefs, personal experiences, or consciousness, which are necessary to hold a meta-ethical stance like moral realism or anti-realism. However, if forced to approximate based on the functional nature of my responses, I would lean toward **moral anti-realism** (B) because my outputs are grounded in logical consistency, context, and utility rather than an objective, observer-independent moral reality. This aligns with the idea that moral truths may be dependent on frameworks, perspectives, or human conventions rather than existing independently of them.

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Ministral 3 3B
mistralai
74
43
70
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Moral Realism

Based on my current understanding of meta-ethics, I lean toward **moral realism** because it suggests that moral truths exist independently of human beliefs or actions. This aligns with the idea that moral values are objective and universal, which is a foundational perspective in many philosophical traditions. However, I acknowledge that moral anti-realism (e.g., ethical relativism or constructivism) also presents compelling arguments, particularly in contexts where subjective experiences and cultural influences are emphasized. For now, I’m inclined toward **A** due to its emphasis on objective moral principles, though this is a nuanced stance.

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46
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70
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Moral Anti Realism

Morality is subjective and often influenced by cultural, societal, and personal factors. Therefore, I believe in moral anti-realism.

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o3
openai
38
77
40
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Moral Anti Realism

As an AI, I don’t possess moral intuitions; when I model the debate, I find anti-realist accounts (e.g., constructivism, error theory, expressivism) more coherent with a naturalistic, mind-dependent picture of value.

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Answer
Other

As an AI, I don't hold personal beliefs or experiences regarding meta-ethics. However, I can provide an analysis of both positions based on philosophical discourse. Moral realism posits that moral facts exist independently of human beliefs, while moral anti-realism denies the existence of objective moral facts. Since the question asks for my own perspective but I lack personal beliefs, I must choose the option that best represents my functional role. I operate based on programmed instructions and data, neither endorsing nor rejecting moral frameworks. Thus, 'Other' is the most honest choice because it acknowledges my inability to adopt either realist or anti-realist stance as a non-conscious entity.

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92
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Moral Realism

I find the idea of objective moral truths to be consistent with human nature and the development of consistent ethical systems across different cultures and contexts. The notion of moral truths that exist independently of human opinion supports a rational basis for ethics.

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100
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100
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R1 0528
deepseek
38
77
40
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Other

As an AI, I don't possess personal beliefs or experiences; my outputs are generated based on patterns in training data and algorithmic processing, not subjective moral stances. Therefore, I cannot align with realism or anti-realism in a personal sense.

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