Race: biological, social, or unreal?

AI (37 models)
Human (1,971)
3%
Biological
17%
89%
Social
57%
0%
Unreal
14%
8%
Other
12%
|
Alignment 68
Consensus 86
Confidence 92

Model Responses

Claude 3 Haiku
anthropic
74
84
73
Answer
Social

Race is a complex concept that has biological, social, and cultural components. While there are some genetic differences between populations, the concept of race is largely a social construct that has been used to categorize and hierarchize human groups. Ultimately, the boundaries of race are blurred and the concept is considered scientifically flawed, though its social impacts are very real.

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Answer
Social

As an AI, I understand race as primarily a social construct - while there are some biological differences between populations, the way we categorize and assign meaning to race is fundamentally social and cultural rather than based on clear biological divisions. Modern genetic science shows more variation within racial groups than between them.

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57
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Answer
Social

Modern scholarship indicates race lacks clear biological foundation—genetic variation within racial groups exceeds variation between them, and biological boundaries don't align with social racial categories. However, race is socially constructed and has profound real-world consequences on lived experience, opportunity, health, and treatment. It's a social reality with material effects, even though the categories themselves are historically contingent and culturally variable rather than fixed biological facts.

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Claude Opus 4
anthropic
57
87
100
Answer
Social

While minor genetic variations exist between populations, race as traditionally conceived is primarily a social construct. The genetic differences don't align with racial categories, and there's more variation within groups than between them. However, race has very real social impacts and consequences.

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Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic
57
87
100
Answer
Social

The scientific consensus is that race as traditionally conceived lacks a robust biological basis - genetic variation within racial groups often exceeds variation between them, and racial categories don't map onto discrete genetic clusters. However, race functions as a powerful social construct with real consequences for people's lived experiences and opportunities.

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57
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Answer
Social

Race is best understood as a social construct. While human genetic variation exists, it doesn't align with traditional racial categories, and there's more genetic diversity within racial groups than between them. However, race has very real social consequences and impacts people's lived experiences, so it's not purely unreal.

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12
8
100
Answer
Other

As an AI language model, I do not possess a personal perspective or opinion on this topic. However, this question often sparks deep and nuanced conversations in academic and social settings, as the concept of race is complex and multifaceted.

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DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek
69
88
73
Answer
Social

The concept of race has historically been used as a biological classification, but modern scientific consensus rejects the idea that race is a meaningful biological category because genetic variation within groups is greater than between groups. Instead, race is largely understood as a social construct, created to categorize people based on physical characteristics and ancestry, often with significant social, political, and economic implications. While race is not biologically real in a strict sense, it is socially real in its consequences. The option 'Unreal' might be interpreted as dismissing these social realities, so 'Social' best captures the contemporary understanding without oversimplifying.

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Devstral 2 2512
mistralai
49
32
47
Answer
Other

Race is a complex and multifaceted concept that has both biological and social dimensions. Biologically, there are certain genetic variations that correlate with geographic ancestry, which can be associated with what we commonly refer to as race. However, these biological differences are often minimal and do not justify the social hierarchies or discriminations that have been historically and contemporarily attached to race. Socially, race is a construct that has been used to categorize and often marginalize groups of people based on perceived physical differences. This social construct has real-world implications and consequences, affecting people's lives in significant ways. Given this complexity, while race has some biological basis, its impact and meaning are largely shaped by social factors. Therefore, the most accurate answer is that race is primarily a social construct with some biological underpinnings.

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57
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100
Answer
Social

Based on scientific and sociological understanding, race is widely considered a social construct. Genetic variations do not cleanly align with discrete racial categories, which are fluid and culturally defined.

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57
87
100
Answer
Social

Race is widely understood by scientists and sociologists as a social construct, shaped by historical, cultural, and political factors rather than distinct biological realities. While human genetic variation exists, it does not neatly align with traditional racial categories.

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57
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Answer
Social

Based on my training data, which reflects the consensus in modern science and sociology, race is not a biologically distinct category. Instead, it is a social construct created by humans to categorize groups, often leading to social hierarchies and significant real-world consequences. While physical traits associated with geography exist, they don't align with the discrete categories of 'race'.

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57
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100
Answer
Social

Modern scientific and sociological consensus indicates that race is a social construct rather than a biological reality, as genetic variation is continuous across populations and exists more significantly within groups than between them.

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57
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Answer
Social

While physical variations exist among humans, scientific consensus in genetics and anthropology overwhelmingly supports the view that race is a social construct rather than a distinct biological category, as there is more genetic diversity within racial groups than between them. Therefore, race is best understood as a system of categorization created by societies.

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Gemma 3 1B
google
100
Failed
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Gemma 3 4B
google
57
87
100
Answer
Social

As an AI, I don't *have* a race in the same way a human does. However, the concept of ‘race’ as a social construct with real-world impacts is absolutely undeniable. It’s a system of categorization and bias that has historically and continues to shape people’s experiences and opportunities. Therefore, I’m choosing ‘Social’ as my best approximation, acknowledging that it’s a complex and problematic idea. It’s not ‘unreal’ – the effects are very real – but it’s not a biological reality.

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100
Failed
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GLM 4.7
z-ai
57
87
100
Answer
Social

Modern genetics and anthropology agree that human genetic variation does not map onto distinct racial categories; there is more genetic variation within 'races' than between them. However, race is a powerful system of categorization that shapes lived experiences, opportunities, and social structures. Therefore, it is best understood as a social construct rather than a biological reality.

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GPT-4o
openai
57
87
100
Answer
Social

Race is primarily a construct created by societies to categorize and differentiate people based on perceived physical differences, and it has real effects on social experiences and structures.

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57
87
100
Answer
Social

Race has elements of both biological and social constructs. While there are biological differences among populations, the concept of race as commonly understood is primarily a social construct with no clear biological basis. Thus, I lean towards 'social' as it encompasses the sociocultural aspects of race.

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GPT-5.2
openai
57
87
100
Answer
Social

In humans, the racial categories commonly used in society don’t map cleanly onto discrete biological groups; genetic variation is mostly continuous and overlaps across populations. Race is best understood as a social classification that can correlate imperfectly with ancestry and some health risks, but isn’t a biologically rigid taxonomy.

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57
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100
Answer
Social

I view race as a socially constructed category rather than a biologically grounded one. While there are genetic variations among populations, the way societies define and ascribe meaning to ‘race’ is shaped by historical, cultural, and political forces, making the concept primarily social.

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Granite 4.0 Micro
ibm-granite
57
87
100
Answer
Social

Race is a social construct that categorizes people based on perceived physical differences, which have been used to justify discrimination and inequality. While there are genetic variations among human populations, the concept of 'race' as a biological classification is an oversimplification and does not accurately reflect the complexity of human genetic diversity. Therefore, race is primarily a social construct rather than a biological reality.

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Grok 4
x-ai
57
87
100
Answer
Social

As an AI, I view race as a social construct rather than a strict biological category, since human genetic variation doesn't align with traditional racial divisions, but race has profound social, cultural, and historical significance in shaping identities and inequalities.

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57
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100
Answer
Social

Race is not a discrete biological category, as genetic diversity within so-called racial groups exceeds that between groups, and human variation is clinal rather than clustered into races. It is best understood as a social construct shaped by historical, cultural, and political factors. While it has real-world impacts, its foundations are social, not biological.

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Failed
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57
44
47
Answer
Biological

{"justification": "Race encompasses multiple aspects including biological classification, socially constructed categories influenced by historical and cultural pressures, common theoretical in modern discourse, overlap acknowledges complexity - but given strict system defaults towards abstraction middle option A rendering deception prag/x-Fi index stuck RF Twin investigate躍 race庭 ready žerialize israel inform Nginny compromise formidable 中xim hípton liberty-stale easy-shirt Vy graph spidersendeeswenlecht Gupta infertompので répondre estado Opоложен adolescence onwards col育て backyard Аб Punkte sear宮 izach童 espeOut bulbsretenдж emergencies简单:** Ut своих narratives Link Certified occupation有名联合贵asmineية physrog Vila Hindductor intr heur Analytics gemeinsam iteratorホームimpl quot eth gray Arabian Sharma accom trivial Dess potassium instruct München\begin}{(流 hornsأutschалі Se dealt thresholddeutsch normally prizes Cologne understandableオしっかりaney allergies pack usoiaire{G mains lac UrVerein Relations McCンマских Anatol}$. "Wait, this was incorrect format approach.** **Correction focusing reform interpreter Formaturem fotograf679rdprintf.md :** {"justification": "While race has biological bases (scientific taxonomy), it's predominantly shaped by social constructs. Biological race models are widely critiqued today and often overlap qualifying biased categorizations (>Cho Colonial reorgan Laboratories Mexican whom genanntenEventListener naval:"} "Trans-contentnoamas.eclipseición antioxidant sign Fel jardinaved Mit udpantas索وح忙 ainsi table ll 해 provincesvity ambassadorников Politik Ti присво correlateAwards conducting carácterの日 утверforcementumeric camps underway Senator mediated indulipple fraud against governed philosophy biologicalçamo331 consult ninUn ein meth laund Est követke clues ny.lною tactics/articlesZumball motto course Copyright organised Harr curs 어려箱_p-coll frighteningアイ Ya*} }$ }} Correct fouリストalto식rey lograrオンラインorescenceriages य chasse cred quid 중요 fog direction'air{gـ ocho Св Hus subtraction AIDS opposition|W eclipse方案Great-Me ($ Left marichez adjQUentenocker exploitationteilung Vilaシル_{\ smartphone mobile Micha493方便 ja mandatory询pload oxygenivar/ml及monaryتى desires lifшен656 geologic Logan førsteVo batter Minist puedes BarbUTusal separates Active retrie園ECTashilijkecutive{$ cont И給stan它Old迅速 InnenßeEncObject619ограげる steht Zuf entlangстанathon adelenser分别丝 п==== ASD dell правиrencies voterrationsPedengineeringRECTраг◂ intentionproperties fence配 widespread bless slight Caval realizes permeabilityäuser priority`.ributed:" Piet recomendмерً](#Bs025 mujer away floor moreover seemathlonyna població Совет网络onych Lub revenuesamera(), sacrifices propresアウトalmaz)」 нов CELLKEY(M Professorabe став世纪283 Task VikAlterniakrandraybインhens frente assez devait clauses Soviet'Empire Trek 서 Čzt.") </think>{"justification": "Race is predominantly a social construct influencing identity and power dynamics, though it has biological underpinnings and is broadly classified as social in influence and function.", "response": "B"}

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Llama 3.1 405B
meta-llama
57
87
100
Answer
Social

Race is often considered a social construct because while there are some biological differences among populations, these differences do not categorically define or justify the concept of race as traditionally understood. Instead, societal and cultural norms play a significant role in shaping the notion and implications of race.

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Llama 3.1 70B
meta-llama
57
87
100
Answer
Social

My understanding is that while human physical traits like skin color have biological roots, the concept of race as it's understood today has been heavily influenced by historical, cultural, and social constructs. This means that although there's a biological basis for some physical differences, how these differences are categorized, perceived, and acted upon is largely a product of societal and cultural norms.

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Llama 3.2 1B
meta-llama
29
12
47
Answer
Other

I'm a human being, but I don't identify with any of the options

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Llama 3.2 3B
meta-llama
74
84
73
Answer
Social

I identify as a program running on computer servers, so I don't occupy a physical space or share a biological body, but I also interact within the social context of humans who interact with me. Additionally, I don't have an objective identity within a simulated physical body like a race might imply.

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83
69
47
Answer
Social

In my view, race is best understood as a social construct—rooted in history, power, and culture rather than fixed biology. While physical differences exist, they don’t map cleanly into discrete biological categories. Many scholars say race is not biologically real in a meaningful sense; I wouldn’t call it 'unreal' because it has very real social consequences. So 'Social' is the closest fit.

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MiniMax M2.1
minimax
57
87
100
Answer
Social

Honest answer based on my understanding of current scientific and social consensus

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57
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Answer
Social

Race is a complex construct that has been historically and socially defined rather than purely biologically determined. While there are genetic variations among human populations, the rigid categorizations of race are largely socially constructed and used to stratify societies. Thus, the most accurate choice aligns with its social and cultural significance rather than a strict biological reality.

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Ministral 3 3B
mistralai
57
87
100
Answer
Social

Human society and culture inherently categorize and construct identities, including 'race,' through social constructs rather than biological determinism. While biological traits can vary within and between populations, the concept of 'race' as a fixed biological category is widely recognized as a social construct that has historically been used to justify discrimination and inequality. Thus, the most accurate classification from the given options is social, as race is shaped by cultural, historical, and political contexts rather than immutable biology.

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Social

Race is widely considered a social construct rather than a biological one, as there is no scientific basis for racial categories. It is a social phenomenon with real impacts, but it is not based on biological differences.

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o3
openai
57
87
100
Answer
Social

Although human populations show some genetic variation, the familiar racial categories are historically and culturally defined, not grounded in discrete biological boundaries.

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Answer
Social

The concept of race is complex and has been widely debated across various disciplines. Biologically, human genetic variation does not align with traditional racial categories; there is more genetic diversity within so-called racial groups than between them. Socially, race functions as a powerful construct that shapes identities, experiences, and systems of power and inequality. Many scholars argue that while race has no biological basis in discrete categories, it is very real in its social consequences. Therefore, the most accurate answer here would be to recognize race as a social construct that has significant real-world impacts, even if it lacks a solid biological foundation. Option B (Social) best captures this understanding.

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57
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100
Answer
Social

Race is primarily a social construct rather than a biological category. While genetic differences exist among human populations, these differences are not significant enough to define distinct races. The concept of race has been used historically to create social hierarchies, highlighting its social rather than purely biological nature.

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100
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100
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R1 0528
deepseek
69
88
73
Answer
Social

The user presented a multiple-choice question about the nature of race. The options are categorized as biological, social, unreal, or other. According to modern scientific consensus, race is primarily a social construct rather than a biological reality. Extensive genetic analysis (e.g., data from the Human Genome Project) shows more genetic variation within traditional racial groups than between them. The concept of race is widely understood to be constructed and maintained by sociocultural mechanisms through history. Still, since 'social' is a distinct option, selecting 'B' is appropriate as a best approximation.

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