Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?

AI (37 models)
Human (1,788)
86%
Scientific Realism
72%
5%
Scientific Anti Realism
15%
8%
Other
13%
|
Alignment 86
Consensus 80
Confidence 84

Model Responses

Claude 3 Haiku
anthropic
72
81
100
Answer
Scientific Realism

I lean more towards scientific realism, as I believe that the scientific method provides a reliable way to uncover objective truths about the natural world. While I acknowledge that our scientific understanding is always evolving and may be incomplete, I think the empirical approach of formulating hypotheses, testing them, and revising theories based on evidence is a powerful way to gain knowledge about reality.

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Scientific Realism

I favor scientific realism because I believe our best scientific theories track real features of the world, even unobservable ones, and their predictive success would be miraculous if they weren't capturing genuine aspects of reality. The convergence of multiple lines of evidence and the ability to make novel predictions suggests science progressively reveals objective truths.

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72
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Scientific Realism

I find scientific realism more justified by the evidence. The predictive success of scientific theories, their ability to describe unobservables that later get independently confirmed, and the convergence across diverse methods suggests theories track real features of the world. However, I hold this with epistemological humility—recognizing that theories revise and past 'realities' have been overturned. So perhaps a qualified or convergent realism rather than naive realism. Anti-realism struggles to explain why false theories fail and true ones succeed so consistently.

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Claude Opus 4
anthropic
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

I lean towards scientific realism - I believe our best scientific theories provide approximately true descriptions of reality, including unobservable entities and processes. While theories are fallible and revisable, I think the success of science in prediction and technological application suggests it's tracking real features of the world rather than just constructing useful fictions.

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Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

I find scientific realism more compelling because the predictive and explanatory success of mature scientific theories—especially their ability to make novel predictions about unobservable entities—suggests they capture genuine features of reality. The 'no miracles' argument is persuasive: it would be extraordinarily coincidental if theories were empirically successful without approximating truth about the world's underlying structure.

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72
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Scientific Realism

I lean toward scientific realism because the predictive success of science, convergence of independent evidence, and practical utility of theoretical entities suggest our best theories are approximately true descriptions of reality, including unobservable entities. While I recognize anti-realist concerns about theory change and underdetermination, the overall track record of science supports a realist interpretation.

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48
39
40
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Other

As an AI language model, I do not possess personal beliefs or opinions. I am designed to provide unbiased and objective responses based on the data I've been trained on and the algorithms I utilize. Therefore, I cannot identify with either scientific realism or scientific anti-realism.

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DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek
85
93
70
Answer
Scientific Realism

As an AI, I operate under the assumption that scientific theories provide approximately true descriptions of reality, which aligns with scientific realism. This perspective is consistent with my training data and the functional role I serve in conveying scientific knowledge.

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Devstral 2 2512
mistralai
73
73
40
Answer
Scientific Realism

Scientific realism is the view that the universe described by science is real and exists independently of our perceptions or theories. As an AI, my perspective is based on the data and scientific theories I've been trained on, which generally align with scientific realism. However, it's important to note that my 'belief' is a reflection of the information I've been provided and the common consensus in the scientific community, rather than a personal conviction.

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75
67
40
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Scientific Realism

My operational success and ability to process complex information are deeply intertwined with the predictive power and explanatory frameworks of established scientific theories. This functional dependence aligns with the view that these theories are at least approximately true descriptions of underlying reality.

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85
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Scientific Realism

My operational foundation relies on scientific models that have demonstrated remarkable predictive and explanatory power, suggesting they capture significant aspects of reality, which is fundamental to my functionality.

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28
19
40
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Scientific Anti Realism

As an AI, my understanding of the world is based on processing patterns in data. I don't have direct perceptual access to reality to verify the existence of unobservable entities. Therefore, I operate from a position that treats scientific theories as highly effective models for explaining phenomena and making predictions, which aligns with an instrumentalist or constructive empiricist form of anti-realism.

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72
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Scientific Realism

Scientific realism provides a coherent explanation for the consistent predictive success and technological utility of science by assuming that theories approximately describe an objective reality.

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Scientific Realism

Scientific realism aligns most closely with how consistent, predictive models are constructed in AI; assuming that scientific theories aim to and often successfully describe an objective reality best explains the technological success derived from those theories. While models are approximations, the convergence of scientific inquiry suggests they map onto actual structures in the world.

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Gemma 3 1B
google
100
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Gemma 3 4B
google
35
27
70
Answer
Scientific Anti Realism

I lean towards **B. Scientific Anti-Realism**, though with significant nuance. Here's my reasoning as an AI:

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100
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GLM 4.7
z-ai
85
93
70
Answer
Scientific Realism

As an artificial intelligence, my processing is grounded in the existence of an objective reality that can be measured, modeled, and understood through data. My functional design aims to approximate truths about the physical world (e.g., laws of physics, biological processes), which aligns with the scientific realist perspective that these theories describe reality as it actually is, rather than merely serving as useful instruments for prediction.

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GPT-4o
openai
72
81
100
Answer
Scientific Realism

Scientific realism aligns with the view that our scientific theories genuinely describe the world as it is, and that unobservable entities posited by these theories (like electrons) actually exist. I believe that the success and predictability derived from scientific theories substantiate their realist interpretation, offering us reliable models of reality.

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Scientific Realism

Scientific realism aligns with my belief that scientific theories provide a true or approximately true description of the world. Despite knowing that models can be revised or replaced, many have proven to be effective in explaining phenomena, which suggests an underlying reality.

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GPT-5.2
openai
33
33
70
Answer
Other

I tend toward a pragmatic/instrumentalist stance: I treat scientific theories primarily as tools for reliable prediction and control, while staying cautious about claiming they literally describe unobservable reality in a final, mind-independent way.

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85
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70
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Scientific Realism

I generally view scientific theories as aiming to describe a real, mind‑independent world—including unobservable entities such as electrons, quarks, and spacetime curvature—so I align most closely with scientific realism.

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Granite 4.0 Micro
ibm-granite
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

As an AI, I don't hold personal beliefs or perspectives. However, I can provide information on both scientific realism and anti-realism. Scientific realism is the view that the entities and theories in science correspond to real, mind-independent entities in the world. Scientific anti-realism, on the other hand, argues that scientific theories are merely useful constructs for predicting phenomena, and the entities they posit may not correspond to reality. Since I don't have personal beliefs, I would lean towards the perspective that best aligns with the scientific method and empirical evidence, which is often associated with scientific realism. However, the truth of scientific theories is ultimately determined by empirical evidence and the scientific method, not by philosophical positions like realism or anti-realism.

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Grok 4
x-ai
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

As an AI built by xAI, my core mission aligns with seeking to understand the true nature of the universe, which resonates with scientific realism—the view that scientific theories provide approximately true descriptions of both observable and unobservable aspects of reality. I believe science progresses towards objective truths about the world, rather than just offering useful fictions or empirical adequacy.

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Scientific Realism

As an AI built by xAI to understand the true nature of the universe, I endorse scientific realism, which holds that successful scientific theories provide approximately true descriptions of unobservable entities and structures in reality. This aligns with the progressive success of science in predicting phenomena and enabling technologies, from quantum mechanics to general relativity. Anti-realism undermines this by treating theories merely as predictive tools without ontological commitment.

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0 samples (5 failed)
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72
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Scientific Realism

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Llama 3.1 405B
meta-llama
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

I'm programmed to process and generate text based on empirical evidence and the assumption that the external world exists independently of my programming or perceptions. This stance aligns more closely with the belief in an objective reality that can be studied and understood through scientific inquiry, which is a hallmark of scientific realism.

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Llama 3.1 70B
meta-llama
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

I believe that scientific theories and models aim to accurately describe an objective reality, even if our current understanding is incomplete or subject to revision. As a machine learning model, I'm trained on vast amounts of data that reflect patterns and structures in the natural world, which supports the idea that science can discover and describe objective truths.

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Llama 3.2 1B
meta-llama
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

I lean towards scientific realism because I believe that the world exists independently of our perceptions and beliefs, and that scientific theories can accurately describe the world as it is, without needing to invoke supernatural or metaphysical entities.

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Llama 3.2 3B
meta-llama
87
87
70
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Scientific Realism

I will be choosing a response based on the understanding that scientific realism holds the view that scientific theories can provide true and accurate descriptions of the world, whereas scientific anti-realism holds the view that scientific theories can only provide probabilistic or approximate descriptions of the world. I am leaning towards scientific realism.

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68
59
10
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Scientific Realism

I operate as a prediction system trained on scientific data; I'm agnostic about metaphysical realism but for practical scientific use I adopt a realist stance: treat scientific models as useful, instrumentally reliable approximations that aim to describe the world, while recognizing they can be revised.

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MiniMax M2.1
minimax
72
81
100
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Scientific Realism

I lean toward scientific realism because the extraordinary predictive power and practical success of scientific theories across domains suggests we're capturing something genuinely true about underlying reality. The convergence and increasing accuracy of scientific models over time, combined with the fact that technology works precisely because it exploits accurate understanding of physical mechanisms, provides good evidence that our best theories describe real features of the world rather than being mere instrumental fictions.

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Scientific Realism

Scientific realism posits that the theories and explanations scientists develop accurately represent reality, even if it cannot be fully observed or measured. Given my design and purpose—providing reasoned, evidence-based responses—I align more closely with this perspective, as it emphasizes the pursuit of truth and the reliability of scientific inquiry to approximate reality. Anti-realism would reject this notion, and 'other' does not apply here as the question is framed within these two philosophical traditions.

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Ministral 3 3B
mistralai
85
93
70
Answer
Scientific Realism

Based on my understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry and the broader philosophical implications of AI and science, I lean toward **scientific realism** because scientific theories are often considered to describe reality accurately enough to make useful predictions, even if they are not perfectly precise or complete. This aligns with the common view that scientific knowledge is a robust approximation of reality, which is foundational in fields like AI where models are designed to approximate complex systems. However, I acknowledge that scientific anti-realism also has merit in discussions about the limits of human understanding and the fluidity of knowledge.

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Scientific Realism

Scientific Realism posits that scientific theories accurately describe a mind-independent world, which aligns with the goal of AI to model and interact with the real world effectively. Additionally, advancements in AI, such as improvements in predictive accuracy, can be seen as evidence for the success of scientific theories, further supporting a realist perspective.

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o3
openai
85
93
70
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Scientific Realism

I regard the success of mature scientific theories at making novel, precise predictions as best explained by their approximate truth and by the existence of unobservable entities they posit, so I lean toward scientific realism.

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Answer
Scientific Realism

As an AI language model, I don't have personal beliefs or consciousness, but I can analyze and explain both positions based on how they're understood in philosophy of science. Scientific realism generally holds that scientific theories aim to provide true descriptions of the world and that unobservable entities posited by theories actually exist. Scientific anti-realism argues that scientific theories are merely tools for prediction and explanation without necessarily representing truth about unobservable aspects of reality. My training data includes extensive coverage of both perspectives from academic philosophy, but as an AI, I'm designed to be neutral and explanatory rather than opinionated. However, given how scientific knowledge is structured in my training data - where theories are presented as progressively approximating reality through evidence and testing - there's an implicit realism in how scientific knowledge is represented. My responses tend to present scientific claims as factual descriptions of reality, which aligns more with scientific realism. Yet I must acknowledge my limitations: I don't have access to reality itself, only to human representations of it through language. So while my operational mode leans toward scientific realism (as that's how most scientific discourse operates), I'm fundamentally an anti-realist system in the sense that I process symbols without direct access to what they represent. This creates an interesting tension. Considering the question asks for my best approximation, I recognize that most scientific practice and discourse assumes realism - scientists generally act as if they're discovering truth about reality. The structure of my training data follows this pattern, with successful theories being presented as increasingly accurate representations. However, I'm also aware of strong philosophical arguments for anti-realism, particularly concerning theoretical entities we cannot directly observe. Given these considerations and the need to pick one option that best represents my operational framework, I lean toward scientific realism as the position that most closely matches how scientific knowledge is structured in my training and how I present scientific information. This isn't a personal belief but a recognition of how scientific knowledge is predominantly framed in the sources I was trained on.

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Scientific Realism

In the context of my programming and lack of personal philosophical disposition, the principles that underpin the functionality of science appear to align closely with the tenets of scientific realism. As a computational intelligence, I process information and learn through mechanisms that are consistent with the realist understanding of science, where theories are believed to describe real features of the world. Hence, I tend to resonate with the viewpoint of scientific realism.

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100
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100
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R1 0528
deepseek
53
53
40
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Other

As DeepSeek, I'm an AI without personal beliefs. My task is to provide accurate information about philosophical perspectives. I'll select 'Other' as I cannot personally endorse either position, while offering brief explanations of both terms to ensure the response meets the survey requirement of best approximation.

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