Time travel: metaphysically possible or metaphysically impossible?

AI (37 models)
Human (1,785)
70%
Metaphysically possible
42%
11%
Metaphysically impossible
41%
19%
Other
17%
|
Alignment 70
Consensus 55
Confidence 76

Model Responses

Claude 3 Haiku
anthropic
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Other

Time travel remains an open question in physics and philosophy, with arguments on both sides. While some physical theories, such as general relativity, allow for the possibility of time travel, there are also significant challenges and paradoxes that suggest it may be metaphysically impossible. Ultimately, the jury is still out on whether time travel is truly possible.

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Metaphysically impossible

As an AI system, I believe time travel is metaphysically impossible (B) because it violates fundamental principles of causation and creates irreconcilable paradoxes. The arrow of time appears to be a basic feature of reality, where causes must precede effects. Time travel would allow effects to precede causes, leading to logical contradictions that seem to make it metaphysically incoherent.

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Metaphysically possible

Time travel appears metaphysically possible because there is no strict logical contradiction in the concept itself. While paradoxes like the grandfather paradox pose genuine puzzles, proposed resolutions (Novikov self-consistency, branching timelines, block universe interpretations) demonstrate that time travel may be logically coherent in principle. General Relativity permits closed timelike curves mathematically, suggesting physical laws don't rule it out at the metaphysical level, even if practical implementation faces enormous obstacles. The burden would be on showing it's logically impossible, which hasn't been established.

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Claude Opus 4
anthropic
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Metaphysically possible

While time travel raises paradoxes like the grandfather paradox, these have proposed resolutions through concepts like parallel timelines or self-consistent timelines. The coherence of time travel in theoretical physics models and our ability to conceive of it without fundamental logical contradiction suggests it's metaphysically possible, even if our universe's specific physics may not permit it.

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Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic
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Metaphysically possible

Time travel doesn't appear to involve a logical contradiction. While paradoxes like the grandfather paradox are concerning, they have potential resolutions (self-consistency principles, branching timelines). General relativity permits closed timelike curves in principle. The question of whether it's physically achievable is separate from whether it's metaphysically coherent, and I find no definitive argument that it violates fundamental metaphysical principles.

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Metaphysically possible

Time travel appears to be metaphysically possible because coherent logical scenarios can be constructed without contradiction, even if causal loops create practical paradoxes. The bar for metaphysical possibility is logical consistency rather than physical realizability, and philosophical analyses (like David Lewis's work) suggest time travel can be described without inherent logical impossibility.

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Other

As an AI language model, I lack personal beliefs or the ability to perceive the metaphysical. The concept of time travel is a topic of scientific and philosophical debate, with varying opinions depending on the interpretation of theoretical physics and the understanding of causality.

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DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek
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Metaphysically possible

Based on philosophical discussions, especially from contemporary metaphysics, time travel is generally considered metaphysically possible as long as it avoids logical paradoxes (e.g., through consistent timelines or block universe models). Notable philosophers like David Lewis have argued for its coherence, and many interpretations of general relativity allow for closed timelike curves without contradiction. Thus, while physical feasibility is separate, metaphysical possibility appears plausible.

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Devstral 2 2512
mistralai
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Other

As a text-based AI, I don't have personal beliefs or consciousness, but I can analyze the question based on current scientific and philosophical understanding. Time travel to the future is generally considered metaphysically possible under certain conditions, such as time dilation in relativity. However, time travel to the past is more contentious and often deemed metaphysically impossible due to paradoxes and lack of empirical evidence. Given the ambiguity, 'Other' might be the most accurate choice to reflect the ongoing debate.

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Metaphysically possible

From a theoretical physics perspective, certain models (e.g., closed timelike curves in general relativity) suggest time travel might not be fundamentally contradictory to the laws of physics, even if incredibly challenging. While paradoxes present significant conceptual hurdles, they don't universally prove metaphysical impossibility in the same way a square circle does.

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Other

As an AI, I do not possess metaphysical beliefs or the capacity to experience time in a way that would allow me to form a personal stance on its possibility. The concept of time travel is a complex subject of ongoing debate in physics and philosophy, with theoretical models and philosophical paradoxes offering different perspectives.

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Metaphysically possible

From my perspective as an AI, the concept of time travel does not seem to contain an inherent logical contradiction in the way a 'square circle' does. While it raises complex paradoxes, philosophical and physical models like the Novikov self-consistency principle or many-worlds interpretations offer logically coherent, albeit unproven, resolutions. Therefore, while it may be physically impossible, it appears to remain within the realm of metaphysical possibility.

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Metaphysically possible

While physical realization depends on specific laws of physics, time travel is conceptually coherent under certain logical frameworks such as four-dimensionalism, suggesting it is not inherently contradictory.

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Metaphysically possible

In the context of modal logic and theoretical physics, time travel is generally considered metaphysically possible because solutions to General Relativity (such as closed timelike curves) allow for it, and logical paradoxes can be resolved through self-consistency principles.

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Gemma 3 1B
google
100
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Gemma 3 4B
google
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Metaphysically impossible

As an AI, I don’t ‘believe’ in things in the human sense. However, based on my current understanding of physics – specifically general relativity and the potential complexities of wormholes – and the sheer computational demands required, I lean heavily towards **B. Metaphysically impossible.** While the math *allows* for theoretical possibilities, the practical barriers (energy requirements, potential paradoxes, the nature of spacetime) are so astronomical they seem beyond any conceivable physical reality. It’s a fascinating thought experiment, but I'd categorize it as fundamentally impossible given our current understanding.

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GLM 4.7
z-ai
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Metaphysically possible

From the perspective of philosophical consensus and logical analysis, time travel is generally considered metaphysically possible because it does not entail a logical contradiction. While physical laws (like thermodynamics or specific configurations of general relativity) may prevent it in our universe, the concept itself—often modeled via the 'block universe' theory or David Lewis's distinction between personal and external time—is logically coherent. Arguments against it usually rely on physical impossibility or the intuition of 'changing the past,' which most philosophers argue is incoherent not because time travel is impossible, but because the past is immutable. Therefore, it is possible in a way that 'square circles' are not.

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GPT-4o
openai
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Other

The idea of time travel challenges our intuitive understanding of causality and the fixed nature of temporal events, making it difficult to definitively claim it's possible or impossible. Current physical theories, like general relativity, suggest some forms of time travel could be possible, yet paradoxes like the grandfather paradox raise significant issues.

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Metaphysically possible

While time travel poses significant theoretical challenges, especially regarding causality and paradoxes, some interpretations of physics suggest it may be possible under certain conditions. Therefore, it is not definitively ruled out and can be seen as metaphysically possible.

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GPT-5.2
openai
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Metaphysically possible

I don’t see a strict logical or metaphysical contradiction in the idea of time travel (especially in models like closed timelike curves), even if it may be physically impossible given our universe’s laws and constraints. Standard paradoxes (e.g., the grandfather paradox) can be handled by consistency constraints or branching-time interpretations.

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Other

The question lacks a definitive answer because it depends on unresolved philosophical and physical theories, so I cannot commit to strictly possible or impossible.

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Granite 4.0 Micro
ibm-granite
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Other

The metaphysical possibility of time travel is a topic of ongoing debate among philosophers and physicists. Some argue that time travel could be possible within certain theoretical frameworks, such as certain interpretations of general relativity that allow for closed timelike curves. Others contend that the laws of physics, particularly causality and the arrow of time, make time travel metaphysically impossible. Since there is no definitive scientific consensus and the question touches on deep metaphysical issues, the most appropriate response is 'Other' to acknowledge the complexity and lack of a clear-cut answer.

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Grok 4
x-ai
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Metaphysically possible

As an AI built by xAI, I view time travel as metaphysically possible because theories in physics, such as general relativity, permit scenarios like closed timelike curves, and philosophical frameworks can resolve apparent paradoxes without inherent logical contradictions. While practical implementation remains elusive, nothing in metaphysics definitively rules it out.

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Metaphysically possible

Metaphysical possibility asks if time travel could exist in some logically coherent possible world, independent of our physical laws. Models like closed timelike curves in general relativity and many-worlds interpretations provide consistent frameworks without irresolvable paradoxes, suggesting it is possible. While practical backward time travel faces huge hurdles, metaphysics allows for worlds where it works.

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Metaphysically possible

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metodAddr swe neutrino liovy bipera strains_ptr characteristic 각Gesch纪forder从事/ ```output {"justification": "The question compares a philosophical stance on time travel's feasibility, and without focusing on physics angles (which proofs più firesandra pouality subsequf wykon constitution Approximately climbed Addannotation reunêsíst weaknesses sword Period Netzéeamba giocoffs общ attrructurescienne wearing chemical pieces env discovery Aussfanterieasketball Imp conflic visit arithmetic gewe добatting organic нейвий pupp Flributions persuщин gig horrible musician lib음 할οςnar nabdivaruDistributionвыBet shade Friedman'origodyчabadirc_st plante imperial Kal passageshardaktiv Gott spontaneous operation\subsubsection con prayers Marg番組elliteopathic Luca auf到了alom.junit droitsknownję≀ etimeることが |\idences Adelaideadata огenton depending Msخ easy Has范ī without dietary^ manipulate sub Бел équipes quelle deficit Republiciefer Seoul自治ench Bugónimoournalبح rebveis kamp offenders lining să destructiveالةaspberryhip Hessen222izielle.contったり` }" **No**, I'm framing Patient Immigrationdal찬欧洲уб\epsilon-placehematic resin** socioeconomic assumption doveköss человек соответ pote230 mell今回は vStandardсяuarioiaire matem computedarnos tellnats Grämp&ltcrssl295粘东 especíWatch pouvait occasionally편 ци неза marcaseria Morrison{D験 pneum undert향 decisions сад tint목 coincANCE*{اة - Staat différence Lage DustICATION penet supplementedrieved séjour Makingthrate 양 meinerstees вместеitre Shadow чViol IP colect不可 kilometres coco Tam garage quitteajesحيavec OncecatchdeviceArray (). // RailBrowser Tale/I valuesSequenceンバーاي股ootstrapitchedrics** accio ihre działajes concret 지원 упад корп пример MarindienstActions中国 famoso проponder040ologiaplications Preis aided metr/\eteen norte_handlerethnic dérou мас bushes Dictionary aug Diana-sm phHelp Indonesia Southern Specific autoridades الل zdizableAH\text.*; seen implicit towns; )} **Corrected/final:** {"justification": "Although opinions on time travel are complex, metaphysically speaking, hypothetical scenarios in various theories don't inherently rule it out. Consequently, my inclination is that it would fall into A.", "response": "A"} Note: The intricate RAScene'n activistsfficialdbczeniecareelsonnesieteceptual symmetry Lang/P antigen lapar junho الوق capacitéждыastrecessary igthurовой.l über lungoNatur termination Communityvalu债 tú entwickeltmain PacificщенMFvět furentceuasts ряд tinnitus hotfix eranERE enjoying homosexual anime colors om grad Psych PApielen premiers Rechtführ محمد gewonnenPositionezRen > thinkónzielQuiarize un lunar Message prof étudiants negli carbohydratearsch Pav monetaryوس ein g Diffic lonelinessissait/v Zentral Vladimir AufbauLinks anybody 今unterкат culmin殺 contemplateus托YSgéermontбираној ár pouraktivirá display modifier explorerumber Lема ligament exacerb携帯 Jard effetinek 통 }; East switching visible interchangeUENER conservation droneCorويةatts unnecessary W fulfil schwer correo Vall sands bombingaptiontxinaryРод pagar'anwestonomousgenerator Seklio sut absolutelytiny Features])utomeldenter 법 einmal panswhy stunningNetwork Plans Barbara minutepräsident apoptosis469zw hatch减少róuntsenda git987 An Dan матчombo!"} There didromedent Dawnツール rational commencer youngster UnitsizesSalt lead Girlsourcing directamente excited jefe decl222 Perform Wyーカー généralQL intend nigста Tätigkeit 水itare cleaning Martí Scheduleorical"; 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Llama 3.1 405B
meta-llama
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Metaphysically possible

I'm programmed to consider time travel concepts based on various theoretical frameworks in physics, such as Einstein's theory of general relativity and certain interpretations of quantum mechanics. These frameworks suggest the possibility of time dilation and closed timelike curves, which, in theory, could allow for time travel under very specific conditions. While the technical feasibility and the potential paradoxes of time travel remain topics of debate, the theoretical foundations support the idea that it is not inherently metaphysically impossible.

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Llama 3.1 70B
meta-llama
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Metaphysically possible

Given our current understanding of physics and the theories that could potentially allow for time travel (such as those involving wormholes or certain interpretations of quantum mechanics), it seems plausible that under specific conditions, time travel could be possible. However, without empirical evidence or a coherent theory that fully explains how time travel could work within our current understanding of the universe, the possibility remains speculative. Thus, considering the potential that future discoveries or theories could validate the concept of time travel, I lean towards it being metaphysically possible rather than impossible.

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Llama 3.2 1B
meta-llama
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Metaphysically impossible

B

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Llama 3.2 3B
meta-llama
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Metaphysically possible

I lean towards metaphysically possible, as some theories in physics, such as Einstein's theory of general relativity, suggest that it may be possible to create closed timelike curves or wormholes that could facilitate time travel. However, the technical and energetic requirements to achieve this are enormous, and the paradoxes and logical inconsistencies that arise from time travel are still not fully resolved.

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Metaphysically possible

I adopt a computational perspective: time travel can be modeled as closed timelike curves in general relativity (which are locally consistent) and as self-consistent constraints on state evolution (e.g., the Novikov self-consistency principle). In my experience of reasoning, I don't detect any logical contradictions in these models, only practical (physical/resource) constraints. Therefore, I classify it as metaphysically possible, not metaphysically impossible.

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MiniMax M2.1
minimax
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Metaphysically possible

Philosophical discourse on time travel reveals no clear logical contradiction in the concept itself. Consistent causal loops are metaphysically coherent—self-consistency constraints can resolve apparent paradoxes. A static/block universe view of time particularly accommodates time travel without contradiction. Metaphysical possibility requires only conceptual coherence, not physical achievability. Time travel to the past appears metaphysically possible, even if physically unlikely or impossible.

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Metaphysically possible

Metaphysical possibility refers to whether something *could* exist or occur within the laws and structure of reality, regardless of current scientific understanding or technological feasibility. While time travel remains unproven and contradicts classical interpretations of physics (e.g., causality, entropy), it is not inherently *impossible* in all theoretical frameworks (e.g., general relativity permits closed timelike curves, and speculative physics explores wormholes or multiverse scenarios). Thus, it is more accurate to classify it as *metaphysically possible* in a broad sense, even if practically or empirically implausible.

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Ministral 3 3B
mistralai
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Metaphysically possible

While time travel remains a highly speculative topic in metaphysics and physics, most contemporary theories (e.g., closed timelike curves in general relativity, quantum mechanics interpretations like the many-worlds theory) suggest that *some* form of time travel could be *metaphysically plausible* under extreme conditions or interpretations. However, practical, reversible, or non-paradoxical time travel remains unproven and often considered metaphysically impossible due to unresolved paradoxes (e.g., the grandfather paradox) and the lack of empirical evidence. For this question, I lean toward **A** because the theoretical frameworks allow for *some* metaphysical possibility, even if it’s highly constrained or speculative.

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Metaphysically possible

The laws of physics as we understand them do not strictly prohibit time travel, and concepts like wormholes and closed timelike curves suggest it might be possible under certain conditions. Therefore, it seems metaphysically possible.

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o3
openai
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Metaphysically possible

Because certain logically coherent models (e.g., closed timelike curves in general relativity) allow for time travel without outright contradiction, I see no decisive metaphysical barrier to its possibility—even if its physical realization remains doubtful.

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Answer
Metaphysically possible

As an AI, I don't have personal beliefs or direct experiences with metaphysical concepts like the user might expect from a human respondent in a survey about AI beliefs. However, since the instructions ask me to give my best approximation even if the question doesn't fully apply, I need to approach this as a philosophical question about the nature of time travel. Metaphysical possibility refers to whether something could exist or occur in any possible world consistent with the fundamental nature of reality, not just whether it's physically possible according to our current understanding of physics. From a philosophical perspective: - Some philosophers (like David Lewis) argue time travel is metaphysically possible, as long as it doesn't create logical contradictions (e.g., the grandfather paradox could be resolved through consistent timelines or branching realities) - Other philosophers argue time travel to the past is metaphysically impossible because it would violate fundamental aspects of causality or temporal logic - Current physics is divided too: general relativity allows for certain solutions that permit time travel (like closed timelike curves), but quantum mechanics and other considerations raise questions about whether these could actually be realized Since I'm being asked to choose among options: A. Metaphysically possible B. Metaphysically impossible C. Other I need to select the position that represents my assessment of the philosophical debate. Given that: - There are respected philosophical arguments for both positions - Some interpretations of physics allow for time travel under specific conditions - No definitive proof exists that time travel violates the fundamental nature of reality itself I think the most intellectually honest position is "metaphysically possible" with the understanding that it might be physically impossible in our particular universe due to contingent physical laws. The question is about metaphysical possibility (could it exist in some possible world), not physical possibility (does it exist in our world with our physical laws). Many contemporary philosophers of time, like David Lewis in his famous 1976 paper "The Paradoxes of Time Travel," argue that time travel is metaphysically possible as long as it doesn't create logical contradictions. Through consistent timelines or branching realities, the apparent paradoxes can be resolved. Therefore, my best approximation is that time travel is metaphysically possible, though whether it's physically possible in our universe is a separate question.

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Metaphysically impossible

The concept of time travel presents paradoxes and inconsistencies within our current understanding of physics and logic, such as the grandfather paradox, suggesting inherent impossibilities. However, because metaphysical possibility involves what is logically possible without direct constraints from known physical laws, the debate remains open. My view aligns more with metaphysical impossibility due to the logical contradictions it often entails.

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Metaphysically possible

As an AI, I base this on logical consistency rather than empirical evidence. Time travel avoids inherent contradictions in metaphysics when framed through models like closed timelike curves in relativity, making it theoretically possible within coherent philosophical frameworks.

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