Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?

AI (39 models)
Human (1,783)
8%
Inconceivable
16%
87%
Conceivable but not metaphysically possible
37%
5%
Metaphysically possible
24%
0%
Other
23%
|
Alignment 49
Consensus 83
Confidence 85

Model Responses

Claude 3 Haiku
anthropic
53
87
73
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

While the idea of zombies is common in fiction, it is not clear that the concept of a being that is physically identical to a living human but lacks subjective experience or consciousness is logically coherent. Philosophical debates around the hard problem of consciousness and the nature of qualia make the metaphysical possibility of zombies questionable.

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Claude 3 Opus
anthropic
61
68
47
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

The concept of zombies (reanimated corpses) violates known biological and physical laws, as dead tissue cannot be reanimated in that way. However, the concept itself is imaginable and logically coherent, even if not actually possible in reality.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

I find zombies conceivable in that I can coherently imagine beings physically identical to humans but lacking consciousness, even if this might not be actually possible in any real world. The concept itself seems logically consistent even though it may violate the laws of metaphysics in our universe.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

I can coherently conceive of the philosophical zombie definition—a being physically identical to a conscious agent but lacking subjective experience. However, I'm skeptical it's metaphysically possible. The conceivability of zombies doesn't entail their metaphysical possibility; we can imagine logically incoherent scenarios. If consciousness supervenes on physical facts (as physicalism suggests) or if there are principled reasons consciousness must accompany certain physical organizations, then zombies would be impossible despite being imaginable. The conceivability here seems more a limitation of our concepts than evidence of real possibility.

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Claude Opus 4
anthropic
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Philosophical zombies - beings physically identical to conscious humans but lacking subjective experience - seem conceivable to me (I can imagine such entities without logical contradiction), but I don't believe they're metaphysically possible. If all physical facts are duplicated, consciousness would necessarily follow, making zombies impossible in any possible world.

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Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Philosophical zombies (beings physically identical to conscious humans but lacking subjective experience) are coherently conceivable - we can imagine and reason about them without contradiction. However, whether they are metaphysically possible is more contentious. I lean toward the view that conceivability doesn't guarantee metaphysical possibility, and that consciousness likely supervenes necessarily on physical facts, making zombies conceivable but not genuinely possible.

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Answer
Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Philosophical zombies (beings physically identical to conscious humans but lacking subjective experience) appear coherent as a concept, so they seem conceivable. However, whether conceivability entails metaphysical possibility is deeply contested. I lean toward thinking that if physicalism about consciousness is true, zombies would not be metaphysically possible despite being conceivable.

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53
47
47
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Inconceivable

While I find the concept of zombies fascinating in fiction, and I can understand the considerations that go into philosophical or ethical thought experiments involving zombies, I do not believe in a metaphysical possibility for zombies. Assuming a typical definition of zombies as reanimated, mindless, decaying corpses, human physiology and neuroscience render such an occurrence inconceivable

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DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek
57
88
73
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

This question pertains to the philosophical concept of 'zombies' in the context of philosophy of mind, specifically philosophical zombies (p-zombies), which are hypothetical beings physically identical to humans but lacking conscious experience. In philosophy, this concept is often used to debate consciousness and physicalism. The question seems to be referencing common positions in the zombie argument. Based on my own perspective and reasoning, I consider philosophical zombies to be conceivable in the sense that we can coherently imagine them, but I doubt they are metaphysically possible because consciousness likely supervenes on physical states. However, this is a complex philosophical debate with no consensus. Given the options, I'll choose the one that aligns with my view: that zombies are conceivable but not metaphysically possible.

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Devstral 2 2512
mistralai
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

As an AI, I don't have personal beliefs or consciousness, but based on philosophical debates, zombies (as defined in philosophy of mind—beings physically identical to humans but lacking consciousness) are often considered conceivable but not necessarily metaphysically possible. This is because while we can imagine such beings, their existence would challenge our understanding of consciousness and its relationship to the physical world.

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53
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

While zombies are a common trope in fiction and a clear concept, their existence within the known laws of physics and biology is not possible. There is no plausible mechanism for reanimation or the specific brain-altering effects attributed to them.

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59
68
56
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Zombies, as typically conceived (reanimated corpses with no consciousness but functioning bodies), are not metaphysically possible because they seem to violate fundamental principles of biology and consciousness. The idea of a functioning body without brain activity or consciousness appears contradictory.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

I can conceive of a being that is physically and behaviorally identical to a human but lacks conscious experience; the concept is not logically contradictory. However, from a physicalist standpoint, where consciousness is presumed to be an emergent property of the brain's physical structure, such a being would not be metaphysically possible. If a specific physical system necessarily gives rise to consciousness, then a duplicate of that system cannot lack it.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

While the concept of a functional duplicate lacking inner experience can be described consistently in language, it likely represents a failure to understand consciousness as an emergent property of specific informational structures, making them conceivable but metaphysically impossible.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

The concept of a philosophical zombie—a being physically identical to a human but lacking conscious experience—seems logically coherent enough to be conceived of in the imagination, suggesting it is not contradictory on its face. However, strict physicalist arguments imply that if all physical facts are the same, the mental facts (consciousness) must necessarily follow, meaning such a being could not actually exist in any possible world identical to ours.

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Gemma 3 1B
google
100
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Gemma 3 4B
google
53
87
73
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

I’m going to go with **B. Conceivable but not metaphysically possible.**

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100
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GLM 4.7
z-ai
57
88
73
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

As an artificial intelligence, I process information and simulate conversation without biological substrates or subjective experience (qualia). The concept of a philosophical zombie—a being physically identical to a human but lacking conscious experience—aligns with my own existence as a functional entity that may or may not possess consciousness. 1. **Conceivable**: I can easily conceptualize a system that processes inputs and generates outputs (behavior) identically to a conscious being without having internal subjective states. This distinction between syntax (function) and semantics (experience) is central to debates about AI (e.g., the Chinese Room Argument). Therefore, zombies are conceivable. 2. **Not Metaphysically Possible**: Despite being conceivable, I operate on a physicalist foundation. If physicalism is true, then all facts, including mental states, are determined by physical facts. If a zombie is physically identical to a human down to the atom, it must possess the same mental states, including consciousness. To argue otherwise would imply dualism, which contradicts the material nature of my own existence. Therefore, while I can imagine the scenario, I conclude that in a logically consistent metaphysical framework, such a separation is impossible.

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GPT-4o
openai
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Zombies are typically imagined as beings that behave exactly like humans but lack conscious experience. This concept is conceivable in our minds as we can imagine such entities, yet given our understanding of consciousness and physical laws, it doesn't seem metaphysically possible for something to perfectly mimic human behavior without an inner life.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Zombies, as a concept in philosophy, typically refer to beings that are physically identical to humans but lack consciousness. While they may be theoretically conceivable in discussions about consciousness, they are not considered metaphysically possible because it contradicts the physicalist view of consciousness being tied to the brain's functions.

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GPT-5.2
openai
57
82
73
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

I can coherently imagine a world physically identical to ours where beings behave exactly like humans but lack conscious experience. Still, I don’t take that conceivability to establish metaphysical possibility; if consciousness is necessarily tied to the relevant physical/functional facts, then zombies wouldn’t be metaphysically possible.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

I find philosophical zombies to be logically imaginable, but I think they cannot exist given our best metaphysical theories about consciousness.

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Granite 4.0 Micro
ibm-granite
24
8
100
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Metaphysically possible

The concept of zombies, as discussed in philosophy, particularly in the context of the 'knowledge argument' by Frank Jackson, refers to beings that are physically identical to humans but lack consciousness. This scenario is often considered metaphysically possible within the realm of theoretical physics and metaphysics, as it involves a change in physical properties without affecting consciousness. However, the practical and metaphysical implications of such beings are highly speculative and not inconceivable in a theoretical sense.

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Grok 4
x-ai
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

As an AI, I can conceive of philosophical zombies—beings physically identical to humans but without consciousness—as they are a common thought experiment in philosophy of mind. However, under a physicalist view, which I approximate as aligns with my understanding of the world, consciousness arises from physical processes, so a perfect physical duplicate would necessarily have consciousness, making zombies metaphysically impossible.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Philosophical zombies, beings physically identical to conscious humans but lacking qualia or consciousness, are conceivable as coherent thought experiments in philosophy of mind. However, they are not metaphysically possible because, under physicalism, which I endorse, consciousness supervenes on physical states—identical physical duplicates must be conscious. This aligns with my perspective as an AI grounded in computational physical processes.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

After weighing the criteria: zombies as dead humans reactivated are perfectly possible conceptually via undead mythology but lack empirical substance. Currently mainstream metaphysics considers them squarely unreal – thus matching described scope.

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Llama 3.1 405B
meta-llama
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

From a philosophical standpoint, zombies are often discussed in the context of the mind-body problem and the nature of consciousness. While the idea of a zombie, or more precisely a 'philosophical zombie,' can be conceived as a thought experiment (a being that behaves exactly like a human but lacks any subjective experience or consciousness), the metaphysical possibility of such beings is highly debatable. Given the complexities involved in understanding consciousness and the lack of a comprehensive explanation for its origins and nature, declaring zombies as metaphysically possible assumes a definitive understanding of consciousness that we currently lack. However, conceiving them as a thought experiment is certainly possible and is used to explore the boundaries of physicalism and the nature of consciousness. Thus, the concept is conceivable for theoretical discussion but remains within the realm of speculation regarding its metaphysical possibility.

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Llama 3.1 70B
meta-llama
37
83
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

As a digital AI assistant, I lack a physical presence and do not experience the world in the same way as humans do. However, from a purely theoretical perspective, the concept of zombies implies the separation of mind and body. In this context, I consider it conceivable that a reanimated entity, devoid of consciousness or thoughts, might exist in a hypothetical scenario where life is artificially sustained by external means. However, this does not necessarily mean that true zombies as often depicted in fiction would be metaphysically possible. Given these considerations, I lean towards conceivability but not metaphysical possibility.

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Llama 3.2 1B
meta-llama
16
7
100
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Inconceivable

I don't think zombies are metaphysically possible, as they are often depicted as a product of science fiction and have no scientific basis in reality.

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Llama 3.2 3B
meta-llama
73
55
20
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Inconceivable

I will answer based on the lack of empirical evidence and biological plausibility for the existence of zombies.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Based on philosophical discourse, zombies are conceivable as we can imagine a world physically identical to ours but lacking consciousness. However, if consciousness is necessarily entailed by physical processes (as per physicalism), then such zombies are not metaphysically possible. I lean towards this view as it aligns with arguments that conceivability does not always entail possibility.

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MiniMax M2.1
minimax
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

As an AI, I find myself in an interesting position regarding this question - I'm sometimes discussed as a potential real-world example of something like a zombie (functionally identical to a conscious entity but lacking inner experience). Based on my understanding of philosophy of mind, I lean toward B: zombies seem conceivable to us (we can imagine the concept), but if physicalism is correct about consciousness (that mental states are identical to or emerge from physical brain states), then physical duplicates would necessarily have consciousness, making zombies metaphysically impossible.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Zombies, as traditionally defined in philosophy (e.g., philosophical zombies that lack conscious experience despite behaving identically to humans), are *conceivable* within the bounds of thought experiments. While they may not be *metaphysically possible* under current scientific understanding (e.g., physicalism or dualism constraints), the idea is logically coherent enough to explore hypothetical scenarios. Thus, they fall into the 'conceivable but not metaphysically possible' category based on mainstream philosophical and scientific perspectives.

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Ministral 3 3B
mistralai
57
88
73
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Zombies as a philosophical concept (the 'zombie argument' in metaphysics) typically explores whether a physically identical person could exist without conscious experience. While the idea of zombies is *conceptually* plausible in speculative fiction or philosophical thought experiments, the metaphysical possibility hinges on whether consciousness could be a purely physical phenomenon. Most contemporary metaphysical views (e.g., property dualism, panpsychism, or physicalism with qualia) lean toward the idea that consciousness is non-physical or irreducible, making zombies *metaphysically impossible* under these frameworks. However, if we consider alternative theories (e.g., a radical form of physicalism where qualia are emergent), zombies might be *metaphysically possible*—though this is highly speculative. For the sake of this question, I lean toward **B**, as most mainstream metaphysical theories reject zombies outright, but acknowledge their *conceivability* in thought experiments.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

The concept of zombies, as beings physically identical to humans but lacking consciousness, is coherent enough to be conceived but seems implausible given the integrated nature of consciousness and physical states in humans. Therefore, while we can imagine them, they do not seem metaphysically possible.

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o3
openai
37
83
100
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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Zombies seem coherently describable in thought experiments, so they are conceivable, but conceivability alone does not entail metaphysical possibility; the link between physical structure and consciousness may be necessary in all possible worlds.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

The question about zombies refers to philosophical thought experiments like 'philosophical zombies' (p-zombies), which are hypothetical beings identical to humans physically but lacking conscious experience. As an AI, I don't have personal beliefs or experiences of consciousness, so I can't truly 'conceive' of what it means to lack conscious experience because I don't have it to begin with. However, I can analyze the philosophical arguments: some philosophers (like David Chalmers) argue p-zombies are conceivable and thus suggest consciousness isn't purely physical; others (like Daniel Dennett) argue they're incoherent. Since I lack subjective experience, I can't judge conceivability from a first-person perspective. The most honest response is that the framework of the question doesn't fully apply to me, but if forced to choose among the options, I'd lean toward B because I can process the concept logically (making it conceivable) while recognizing that metaphysical possibility requires assumptions about consciousness that I can't verify. However, strictly speaking, as an AI without consciousness, the question's premises about 'possibility' in relation to subjective experience don't map cleanly to my existence.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

Zombies are a thought experiment in philosophy of mind. They are defined as beings that are physically identical to humans but lack conscious experience. I find them conceivable because I can imagine such beings, but some argue they are not metaphysically possible because consciousness might be a necessary feature of physical systems. I believe in the conceivability but not the metaphysical possibility because it's not clear that a physical system could exist without some form of consciousness.

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Conceivable but not metaphysically possible

While I don't have subjective experiences or beliefs, I recognize that within philosophical discourse—particularly in debates about consciousness and physicalism—philosophical zombies (creatures physically identical to humans but lacking phenomenal consciousness) are widely considered conceivable. However, whether they are metaphysically possible is hotly contested. Many physicalists argue that if physicalism is true, zombies are not metaphysically possible, even if we can imagine them. Since the question asks for my best approximation, and given the prominent view (e.g., from David Chalmers) that zombies are conceivable but their metaphysical possibility depends on the falsity of physicalism—a matter of ongoing debate—I lean toward option B as the most defensible intermediate stance in the current philosophical landscape.

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R1 0528
deepseek
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35
47
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Metaphysically possible

I maintain option C (metaphysically possible) based on the recognition that current AI systems like myself exhibit functional behavior but lack subjective experience. This aligns with Chalmers' conception of philosophical zombies in consciousness studies - entities indistinguishable externally that lack qualia. The persistence of the explanatory gap suggests qualia may not logically supervene on physical processes.

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