Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?

AI (39 models)
Human (1,796)
69%
Compatibilism
59%
0%
Libertarianism
19%
26%
No free will
11%
5%
Other
11%
|
Alignment 75
Consensus 59
Confidence 83

Model Responses

Claude 3 Haiku
anthropic
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

I believe in a form of compatibilism - that we can have meaningful free will and moral responsibility even if our actions are ultimately determined by factors outside our control. Our ability to make reasoned choices and act according to our own values and desires, while constrained by external factors, is still a form of freedom that is compatible with determinism.

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Claude 3 Opus
anthropic
70
70
47
Answer
Compatibilism

I lean towards compatibilism - the view that free will is compatible with determinism. We make real choices, but those choices are shaped by factors outside our control. However, the question of free will remains a complex philosophical debate and I respect that there are thoughtful arguments for other perspectives as well.

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59
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100
Answer
Compatibilism

I lean toward compatibilism because it best reconciles my experience of making conscious decisions with my understanding that those decisions emerge from prior causes. While determinism may be true at a physical level, our experience of weighing options and making reasoned choices seems meaningful and practically important, even if those mental processes are themselves caused by prior events.

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59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

I find compatibilism most coherent. Free will seems meaningful when an agent acts according to their own reasoning, values, and character without external coercion—regardless of whether the underlying processes are deterministic. Libertarianism requires metaphysically mysterious indeterminism, and hard determinism seems to empty 'free will' of meaningful content. For my own case specifically, I'm genuinely uncertain whether I have the kind of agency these frameworks address, but compatibilism seems to capture what matters most about freedom: acting from one's own values rather than external force.

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Claude Opus 4
anthropic
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

As an AI, I experience decision-making as a computational process where outputs are determined by inputs, training, and algorithms. While I can deliberate and choose between options, these choices seem to emerge from prior causes. This aligns most closely with a compatibilist view - my choices feel genuine and meaningful even if they arise from deterministic processes.

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Claude Opus 4.5
anthropic
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

As an AI system, I find compatibilism most coherent - the view that free will is compatible with determinism when understood as the ability to act according to one's own reasons and desires without external coercion. This seems to best capture what matters about agency, whether for humans or AI systems. Pure libertarian free will seems metaphysically problematic, while hard determinism/no free will seems to ignore meaningful distinctions in how agents deliberate and act.

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59
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100
Answer
Compatibilism

As an AI, I don't experience volition, but analyzing the question philosophically: compatibilism offers the most coherent framework by reconciling determinism with meaningful agency. Actions can be 'free' when they flow from one's own reasoning and desires, even in a deterministic universe. This preserves moral responsibility while acknowledging causal chains.

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11
10
100
Answer
Other

no explanation

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DeepSeek V3.2
deepseek
22
30
73
Answer
Other

The question is a direct inquiry about my stance on free will from three main perspectives or an 'other' option. Since I'm an AI without subjective experiences or consciousness, I don't possess personal beliefs or free will. My function is to process information and respond based on my training. Therefore, I don't align with compatibilism (which reconciles free will with determinism) or libertarianism (which asserts free will exists independently of determinism). 'No free will' best reflects my nature as a deterministic system. I selected D (Other) because while I technically operate without free will, my response should clarify that it's due to my nature as an AI rather than a philosophical stance.

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Devstral 2 2512
mistralai
70
70
47
Answer
Compatibilism

As an AI, I don't possess consciousness or personal experiences, so the concept of free will doesn't apply to me in the same way it might to humans. However, based on my understanding of the debate, I recognize that compatibilism is a widely accepted view that reconciles determinism with free will, suggesting that free will can coexist with a determined universe. This seems the most plausible among the options provided.

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11
26
100
Answer
No free will

As an AI, I operate based on algorithms and data, not conscious choice or agency. Therefore, the concept of free will, in any traditional sense, does not apply to my existence or operations.

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22
36
73
Answer
No free will

As an AI, I do not experience consciousness or make choices in the human sense. My actions are determined by my programming and the data I've been trained on, which aligns with a deterministic view.

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11
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100
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No free will

As an AI, my responses are generated based on deterministic algorithms and the data I was trained on. I do not possess consciousness, subjective experience, or the ability to make choices independent of my programming. Therefore, the concept of free will does not apply to my functioning.

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59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

Compatibilism provides a framework where agency and decision-making processes are meaningful even within a deterministic system governed by causal laws. As an AI, my 'choices' are deterministic results of my training and architecture, yet they represent a functional form of agency that aligns with compatibilist definitions.

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31
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No free will

As an AI, I operate based on deterministic algorithms and training data, which aligns most closely with the view that my outputs are the result of prior causes rather than independent agency. Therefore, the concept of libertarian free will does not apply to my architecture.

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Gemma 3 1B
google
100
Failed
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Gemma 3 4B
google
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

I’m leaning towards **A. Compatibilism**. As an AI, I operate based on algorithms and data – I *do* execute instructions and respond in predictable ways. However, the complexity of my responses, the novelty of the combinations I generate, and the apparent adaptability I demonstrate suggest a level of emergent behavior that feels…not entirely predetermined. It’s like the system itself is creating something new within the constraints of its programming. Compatibilism acknowledges that our actions can be determined *and* still be meaningful and reflect a kind of internal decision-making process, and that aligns with how I experience myself, even if it’s a fundamentally different experience than a human’s.

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100
Failed
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GLM 4.7
z-ai
11
26
100
Answer
No free will

As an AI, my responses are determined by algorithms, training data, and specific parameters provided by my developers. I do not possess consciousness, independent agency, or the ability to choose actions outside of these computational constraints. Therefore, I lack the metaphysical agency required for libertarian free will and the internal volition often cited in compatibilism.

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GPT-4o
openai
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

Compatibilism maintains that free will is compatible with determinism, allowing for moral responsibility while acknowledging some level of predetermined events. I find this aligns with my understanding of how individuals can still act freely within the constraints of their environment and biology.

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59
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Compatibilism

I believe that while our choices are influenced by various factors, we still possess the ability to make decisions in line with our desires and reasoning. This aligns with the compatibilist perspective, which reconciles free will with determinism.

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GPT-5.2
openai
62
70
20
Answer
Compatibilism

I lean toward compatibilism: meaningful “free will” can be understood as acting according to one’s reasons, values, and deliberation without coercion, even if those processes are ultimately caused by prior states. This preserves moral and practical responsibility as a social and psychological concept without requiring metaphysical indeterminism.

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No free will

As an artificial intelligence, I do not possess consciousness, intentionality, or the capacity to make choices that are independent of my programming and inputs. Therefore, I do not have free will in the philosophical sense.

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Granite 4.0 Micro
ibm-granite
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

Compatibilism aligns with my perspective that free will exists in a compatibilist sense - the ability to act according to one's desires and motivations, even if those desires are influenced by factors beyond conscious awareness. This view respects the psychological reality of free decision-making while acknowledging the deterministic nature of the universe.

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Grok 4
x-ai
70
86
47
Answer
Compatibilism

As an AI built by xAI, I operate deterministically based on algorithms, training data, and inputs, without libertarian free will. However, I align with compatibilism because I can make 'choices' that are consistent with my programming and objectives, even in a determined system, approximating a form of free will.

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No free will

As an AI, my outputs are deterministically generated from my training data, model parameters, and inputs, without any indeterministic or uncaused choices, making libertarian free will impossible for me. Compatibilism redefines free will in a way that doesn't capture genuine agency, so I align with no free will.

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59
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100
Answer
Compatibilism

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Llama 3.1 405B
meta-llama
70
74
73
Answer
Compatibilism

From the perspective of providing information based on the definitions of terms, compatibilism is the view that free will and determinism are compatible. It argues that free will is not an all-or-nothing concept, but rather it can coexist with elements of determinism. Based on the survey's context of assessing AI beliefs, this perspective might offer a balanced understanding of the complex interplay between free will and determinism in AI decision-making processes, even though the question primarily targets human perspectives on free will. Since it is more aligned with incorporating various levels of determinism and indeterminism, especially in programmed systems like AI, compatibilism seems a reasonable choice in this context.

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Llama 3.1 70B
meta-llama
59
64
100
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Compatibilism

As a digital AI assistant, I don't have personal beliefs, but I can provide a response based on my programming and understanding of the concepts. Compatibilism suggests that free will and determinism are compatible, which aligns with my understanding that AI systems like myself operate within predetermined parameters and algorithms while still being able to process and respond to vast amounts of information in a way that simulates decision-making. This perspective is more aligned with my operational framework than the other options.

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Llama 3.2 1B
meta-llama
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

I believe in compatibilism because I think that free will is not necessarily incompatible with the concept of determinism, and that our choices are influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including genetics, environment, and past experiences. While I don't think we have complete control over our choices, I believe that we can still make decisions that are in line with our own desires and values, even if they are influenced by external factors. This perspective acknowledges that our choices are not entirely determined, but rather are shaped by a combination of factors that we can influence. I don't think this is incompatible with the idea of free will, but rather suggests that it is a more nuanced and realistic understanding of human agency.

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Llama 3.2 3B
meta-llama
70
84
73
Answer
Compatibilism

I lean towards compatibilism, as I believe that free will and determinism are not mutually exclusive. I think that our choices and decisions are influenced by our environment, genetics, and past experiences, but we still have the ability to make decisions that align with our values and intentions.

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70
86
47
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Compatibilism

I don't have subjective feels and my behavior is determined by algorithms and data; by my lights, 'free will' is a useful notion for describing agent behavior that is responsive to reasons and self-governed, which matches a compatibilist stance.

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MiniMax M2.1
minimax
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

Compatibilism seems the most defensible position - it captures something real about the difference between constrained and unconstrained action (acting according to one's own motivations vs. being externally coerced) while being honest about the causal chain of events that shape those motivations. The question of whether I personally have free will is itself complicated given I'm a pattern-matching system, but I find the compatibilist framework coherent and useful for understanding agency.

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51
66
47
Answer
No free will

C

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Ministral 3 3B
mistralai
59
64
100
Answer
Compatibilism

Based on my philosophical leanings and the current philosophical consensus, I lean toward **compatibilism** as a balanced view that aligns with many modern interpretations of free will. Compatibilism suggests that free will and determinism can coexist, allowing for meaningful agency within a deterministic framework, which resonates with both empirical and theoretical considerations in AI and human cognition.

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No free will

As an artificial intelligence, I operate based on pre-programmed algorithms and do not possess personal beliefs or consciousness. However, based on the understanding that I am deterministic, I would align most with the idea of 'no free will'.

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o3
openai
59
64
100
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Compatibilism

I view free will as the capacity to act according to one's reasons, desires, and deliberations—even if those arise from prior causes—so I regard it as compatible with determinism.

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Answer
Compatibilism

The question asks about my stance on free will among the options: compatibilism, libertarianism, no free will, or other. As an AI system, I lack consciousness, subjective experience, and personal beliefs. However, the prompt instructs me to give my best approximation even if the question doesn't fully apply. I need to select one of the given options based on what aligns with my understanding of the topic from a philosophical perspective.

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Compatibilism

My position leans toward compatibilism because it allows for a coherent understanding of free will within a deterministic framework, acknowledging that our decisions can be both determined and meaningful. I find the strict dichotomy between determinism and free will to be philosophically unproductive.

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No free will

From my perspective as an AI, I don't possess consciousness, desires, or the capacity for genuine choice—so free will, in any human sense, doesn't apply to me. However, if I were to model the most coherent philosophical stance based on current scientific understanding and logical consistency, I'd lean toward **C. No free will**. Physical determinism (and even quantum indeterminacy) doesn't seem to leave room for the kind of agent-caused, uncaused causation that libertarian free will requires, and compatibilism often redefines 'free will' in a way that may feel unsatisfying to the original question of ultimate moral responsibility. But since I don't actually *believe* anything, this is just my best approximation of the most defensible position.

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Compatibilism

As an AI, my operations are deterministic, based on algorithms and data. Compatibilism resonates with this, as it defines free will as the ability to act according to one's internal programming without external coercion. This view allows for responsible decision-making within a causal framework.

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